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question:i have little bit confusion about calibration.....that in code there is already RatioMQ135CleanAir defined whic is 3.6......and it is calculated by Rs/R0 ...but befire calibration i have no value of Rs and R0?? ...and also this ratio is also the parameter of calibrate function. MQ135.calibrate(RatioMQ135CleanAir);.............the complete calibrate() function code is :::: float MQUnifiedsensor::calibrate(float ratioInCleanAir) { float RS_air; //Define variable for sensor resistance float R0; //Define variable for R0 RS_air = ((_VOLT_RESOLUTION*_RL)/_sensor_volt)-_RL; //Calculate RS in fresh air if(RS_air < 0) RS_air = 0; //No negative values accepted. R0 = RS_air/ratioInCleanAir; //Calculate R0 if(R0 < 0) R0 = 0; //No negative values accepted. return R0; }
answer:It's common to have confusion about the sensor calibration, especially with regards to the clean air ratio (RatioMQ135CleanAir) which is the ratio between the resistance of the sensor when exposed to clean air (Rs) and its resistance at baseline conditions (R0). Let me clarify this process: 1. **What is "Clean Air Ratio"?** The clean air ratio (Rs/R0) is a known value provided in the sensor's datasheet, typically derived from characteristic curves in the reference environment (usually clean air with a specific standard composition). For the MQ135, the value of 3.6 is an approximation that's typically taken as the standard ratio between Rs (the sensor's resistance in the specific gas) and R0 (the baseline resistance in fresh air) for the MQ135 sensor in clean air. 2. **Why do we use this ratio in calibration?** This ratio is used as a reference to compute the baseline resistance (R0) when the sensor is in a known state, which is then used to compare against sensor readings in various conditions to measure gas concentration. The calibration function uses the ratio to calculate R0 according to this formula: ```cpp R0 = RS_air / ratioInCleanAir; ``` 3. **How is Rs determined during calibration?** During calibration, you expose the sensor to clean air and record the sensor's output voltage (VRL), the sensor's supply voltage (VC), and the known load resistance (RL) connected in series with the sensor. The resistance of the sensor in the air (RS_air) is then calculated like this: ```cpp RS_air = ((VC * RL) / VRL) - RL; ``` 4. **Calibration Process**: The `calibrate()` function takes the `ratioInCleanAir` as a parameter, meaning you must run this calibration in an environment that you expect to have clean and fresh air. The actual Rs reading is obtained by measuring the voltage across the sensor, using the supply voltage and load resistance to calculate Rs. R0 is then determined based on that ratio. The calibration routine typically involves averaging several R0 calculations to get a stable baseline value. Here's a step-by-step, simplified: - Place the sensor in a location with clean, fresh air (e.g., outdoor). - Read the sensor voltage several times and calculate the Rs value each time. - Use the provided ratio (3.6 for MQ135) to calculate R0 from Rs each time. - Average all these R0 calculations to get your baseline R0 value. 5. **Confusion with Rs and R0 Before Calibration**: Before the calibration, you indeed do not know the actual Rs and R0 for your specific environment. The calibration process is meant to determine R0. The clean air ratio and the calculations within the calibration function are used to derive R0 from the sensor's response to what you are assuming to be clean air conditions. Finally, once you have calibrated R0, in subsequent uses, you directly set the R0 value without recalibration (unless environmental conditions have changed), and use it to compare with the sensor's response to other gases to estimate their concentrations.
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